Electric arc furnace classification, composition and use

Electric arc furnace classification, composition and use

An electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that smelts metals and ore at high temperatures generated by electrode arcs. When the gas discharge forms an arc, the energy is very concentrated, and the temperature of the arc zone is above 3000℃. For smelting metals, electric arc furnaces are more flexible than other steelmaking furnaces, which can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. Moreover, furnace temperature is easy to control, and the equipment occupies a small area, which is suitable for the smelting of high-quality alloy steel.

Electric arc furnace classification

According to the heating method, the electric arc furnace can be divided into three types:

1. The indirect heating electric arc furnace is an electric arc generated between two electrodes, which does not touch the material and heat the material by thermal radiation.This kind of furnace is noisy and low in efficiency, so it's gradually eliminated.

2. The direct heating electric arc furnace is an electric arc generated between the electrode and the material to directly heat the material.Three-phase electric arc furnaces for steelmaking are more commonly used direct heating electric arc furnaces.

3. submerged arc circuit is also called reduction electric furnace or submerged electric furnace. One end of the electrode is buried in the material layer. an arc is formed in the material layer, and the material is heated by the resistance of the material layer itself. It is commonly used for smelting ferroalloys, smelting matte, matte, and producing calcium carbide.

EAF furnace composition

1. Power supply part: electric furnace transformer (rectifier), high voltage power supply, low voltage electrical control cabinet, etc.;

2. Electrode part: electrode lifting device, conductive cross arm, electrode, etc.;

3. Furnace body part: furnace shell, furnace cover, furnace body tilting mechanism, etc.;

4. Short net part: conductive copper bar, water-cooled cable, etc.;

5. Cooling water system.

Electric furnace working principle

Electric arc furnace smelting uses the heat generated by the arc generated between the graphite electrode and the iron material (liquid iron) to melt the iron material and overheat the liquid iron. In the electric arc furnace smelting process, after the iron material is melted, the smelting operation to further increase the temperature and adjust the chemical composition is carried out under the condition that the molten iron is covered by the molten slag. Electric arc furnaces are classified into acidic and alkaline according to the properties of slag and refractory lining. The alkaline electric arc furnace has the capability of desulfurization and dephosphorization.

Arc furnace use

1. Steel smelting, ferroalloy refining;

2. high-titanium slag, electric welding slag flux smelting;

3. smelting of high-temperature refractory materials such as alumina, magnesia, and alumina-calcium cement;

4. The smelting of stainless steel grinding wheel ash and oxide scale.